Sexual Addiction a Literature Review of Treatment Interventions Pdf
Iran J Psychiatry. 2020 April; fifteen(ii): 172–181.
Addiction Recovery: A Systematized Review
Mehrnoosh Inanlou
aneSection of Counseling, Academy of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Tehran, Islamic republic of iran.
Bahman Bahmani
iDepartment of Counseling, Academy of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Tehran, Islamic republic of iran.
Ali Farhoudian
2 Substance Corruption and Dependence Inquiry Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences,Tehran, Iran; Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran Academy of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Islamic republic of iran.
Forough Rafiee
3 Nursing Care Inquiry Eye, Iran Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Received 2019 Aug 14; Revised 2020 Mar 6; Accepted 2020 Mar 9.
Abstract
Objective: Despite the fact that a practical definition of addiction recovery is necessary to deport an advisable intervention and research, this concept is still vague and there is no consensus over its meaning and how to measure it. Thus, this written report aimed to ascertain and analyze this concept based on the available literature.
Method : The theoretical function of Schwartz_Barcott and Kim'south Hybrid Model of concept analysis was used to clarify the concept of "Habit Recovery." To find the relevant literature, an electronic search on valid databases was conducted using keywords related to the concept of addiction recovery. Medlib, IranMedex, Magiran, SID, Irandoc, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Pro Quest, CINAHL, Science Direct, Ovid, and Wiley databases were searched up to December 2018 without a time limitation using the post-obit keywords: "Substance use disorders", "Drug use", "Recovery", "Opioids", "Addiction handling", "Dependency", "Rehabilitation", Remission", "Concept analysis", "Restore", "Definition", "Meaning", and "Conceptualization". The Conventional content analysis was used on selected research manufactures.
Results: From a total of 9520 articles, 39 were reviewed and analyzed. Five attributes were selected, including the process of alter, being holistic, existence client-centric, learning healthy coping, and being multistage. Antecedents are organized into two interacting categories: personal and social resources. Personal resources refer to the person, his/her addiction, and the treatment characteristics, while social resources refer to the family unit, the community, and the context resources. Addiction recovery leads to sustained abstinence, improved physical and psychological health, improved quality of life and satisfaction, meaningful living, and citizenship.
Decision: These findings may form a footing for the theories, scales, and criteria for the assessment of addiction recovery and volition exist useful in clinical practices and enquiry. As well, these findings could help health intendance professionals to understand the concept of addiction recovery, which is important in improving the recovering person in all aspects of rehabilitation. We will report the implementation and analytical stage of this research project, namely, "the addiction recovery concept analysis" in Iran.
Key Words: Concept Analysis, Definition, Recovery, Recovered, Substance Utilise Disorders
Substance use dependence is increasingly recognized every bit a chronic relapsing condition that may last for decades and requires multiple episodes of intendance over many years earlier reaching a sustained state of abstinence (one).The state of substance use and habit in Iran is unique and linked to specific cultural and social problems (2). There are numerous references to the term recovery in the literature and it is mostly defined every bit an outcome of treating chronic disorders such as addiction (3-5). And what is generally recognized is that recovery refers to more than simply refraining from taking drugs (6).
In contempo years, recovery has been embraced every bit a target policy in the United states of america. Similarly, Scotland, England, and Wales consider recovery as a guiding approach to drug policy, and other countries, such equally Australia, accept considered incorporating this concept into their policies (iii) despite the lack of consensus regarding what the term actually means (3, four, half dozen-viii).
The advocates of addiction recovery and treatment of the substance employ disorders (SUDs) are categorized into 2 groups: the scientific customs and the individuals going through rehabilitation.
Each grouping advocates a dissimilar gear up of recovery concepts and practices that take been formerly co-functioned. The researchers in the first group, including physicians, SUD (substance apply disorder) experts, medical centers, and medical circles, ascertain recovery as a process involving clinical diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation (5).
Withal, researchers who study and assess habit treatments and addiction policymakers do non have a vivid mental image of recovery (4, five) despite the recent increase in the popularity of this concept (9). For example, the term recovery has been repeatedly used interchangeably with the words abstinence, remission, and resolution; however, there is no consensus on a unified definition for each ane of these terms to differentiate between them (10).
An example of those who have attempted to differentiate recovery from substance use (11) is the Betty Ford Establish Consensus Panel. They differentiated recovery from substance use as a "voluntarily maintained lifestyle characterized by sobriety, personal wellness, and citizenship." (4). similarly, in 2008, the Britain Drug Policy Commission defined recovery as the "voluntarily sustained control over substance use, which maximizes health, well-being, and contribution in the class of rights, roles, and responsibilities in the society." A personal transformation process, mirrored in different aspects of functioning and fueled by abstinence or increased control over the utilize of drugs, is at the core of these definitions (viii). Deegan (1988) defined recovery as the procedure of "recovering a new sense of self and of purpose within and beyond the limits of the disability." (xi). All these definitions revolve around abstinence but they are not deemed as the equivalent of recovery.
Experts of addiction treatment unremarkably use the remission (abstinence) criteria gear up forth in the Diagnostic and Statistical Transmission of Mental Disorders (DSM) to differ forbearance from substance employ. For case, the total number of years a person does not suffer from the booze utilize disorder is ane of these criteria. According to Contrivance et al (2010), this criterion mainly shows the lack of clinical diagnosis of substance use instead of providing a multidimensional frame of reference for recovery (11).
An addiction recovery model divers within the spiritual framework advocated by Alcoholics Bearding was proposed by Galanter. The individual's viewpoint on his/her addiction forms the basis for this model, which reflects the spiritual viewpoint of the Alcoholics Anonymous while covering a major dimension of recovery (12). Chalk, McLellan, and Bartlett have too described recovery with regard to its outcomes, performance, and life quality (11).
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) assesses recovery through the assessment of an individual'southward physical health, mental wellness, family and social relationships, housing stability, perception of intendance, access, and memory. This administration introduced a combination of abstinence and improvements in three dimensions of the seven functional dimensions as the sign of recovery (xiii).
Kaskutas in "What is Recovery?" study argued that the study's findings illustrate substantial agreement amongst people who consider themselves in recovery and in how they define recovery. Overall, the vi elements endorsed nigh (>90%) every bit definitely belonging in their definition included three elements of "essential recovery" (beingness honest with myself, treatment negative feelings without using drugs or alcohol, beingness able to savor life without drinking or using drugs like I used to) and three elements of "enriched recovery" (a process of growth and development, reacting to life's ups and downs in a more counterbalanced way than I used to, taking responsibility for the things I can modify). Although factor scores for these domains were significantly higher among individuals with greater levels of 12-step exposure, the magnitude of differences is small, suggesting that the elements in those factors many of which indeed reverberate 12-pace principles announced to be somewhat universal amongst survey participants. Humphreys urged circumspection not to lose track of the relative agreement among those with lived experience and to avoid definitions so broad that are meaningless or divorced from lived experience (nine, 14).
Too, the stigma fastened to the substance use disorders can be overcome by communicating the feasibility of recovery. Withal, this image cannot be cultivated due to the lack of consensus on the definition of recovery (eight). Notions such as wellness, life quality, and chronic disorders accept, however, been promoted along with the notion of recovery, and few studies have been performed on the qualities and characteristics of recovery. Therefore, this study was conducted to define and clarify this concept based on the literature to illustrate the concept of addiction recovery through a qualitative analysis and its results have clinical applications.
Materials and Methods
Report Pattern
In this study, the concept of addiction recovery was analyzed using a hybrid model. The hybrid model concept analysis was used every bit presented past Schwartz-Barcott and Kim (1993), which amalgamates both theoretical and empirical analysis and is specifically benign when exploring a known concept in a new context or when trying to find its new distinctive attribute (ii). The model includes 3 phases: Get-go, in the theoretical phase, data are collected using literature reviews to develop a foundation for the 2nd phase. Second, in the field phase, qualitative data are obtained through semi-structured interviews to refine a concept of addiction recovery. Third, in the belittling phase, the concept application and its importance is justified after integration of the data gained during this phase (ii). In this written report, the theoretical phase which involves searching the literature, dealing with significant and measurement, and identifying a working definition for the fieldwork phase is presented (ii).
Searching the Literature
Schwartz_Barcott and Kim (1993) emphasized the all-encompassing need to review the literature. Still, information technology is of import to determine the strengths and weaknesses of this definition to generate a tentative clarification extracted from the literature. The nowadays study employed a systematized and bear witness-based approach to search in the literature. This method includes ane or more characteristics of a systematic review, but does non merits to present the aforementioned results every bit a systematic review does. The literature was reviewed by focusing on the key question of definition and measurement. The question posed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kims (2000) guided the inquiry through the literature to provide an initial management for this enquiry (2).
Before outset the review, a protocol was developed with the following components:
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The review question: How is habit recovery described? How can addiction recovery be measured?
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Article types: The present written report reviewed every original article published on the subject of addiction recovery, including quantitative, qualitative, meta-analysis, meta-synthesis, mixed method, and instrument evolution studies.
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Search strategy: The search was done using the following keywords: "Substance use disorders", "Drug use", "Recovery", "Habit handling", "Opioids", "Dependency", "Rehabilitation", "Concept analysis", "Restore", "Remission", "Definition", "Pregnant", and "Conceptualization" in electronic databases of Medlib, Iran Medex, Magiran, Sid, Irandoc, Spider web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, ProQuest, Ovid, and Wiley for articles published up to Dec 2018, without a time limitation, using the search options provided in each database and EndNote software (X6).
Based on inclusion criteria, articles with total-texts in Persian or English language were evaluated past referring to the definition, outcomes, features, and outcomes of the concept of recovery. Exclusion criteria included repeated texts, book reviews, and letters to the editor in languages other than English and Persian.
Later on conducting a systematic search using the aforementioned databases, the records retrieved from different databases were saved in Endnote files, which were somewhen merged into a shared Endnote file (Figure 1). The relevant manufactures to the research objectives were found and filtered by analyzing 9520 titles stored in this software. Afterwards, the abstract sections of the selected manufactures were retrieved. After reading the abstracts of the manufactures and assessing them based on the research criteria, a full of 437 articles were selected. Then, several electronic magazines were searched to obtain the full-texts of the articles with the reviewed titles. The full-texts of 157 articles were retrieved and analyzed. Eventually, 34 articles matching the research objectives were selected and 5 articles mentioned in the reference sections of some of the articles were included in the report. Therefore, a total of 39 manufactures were selected. Table 1 presents an overview of studies conducted on addiction recovery.
Summary of the Theoretical Phase Based on the PRISMA Flowchart (Selection, Critical Appraisal, Information Extraction of Studies)
Table ane
An Overview of Some of Studies Conducted on the Concept of Addiction Recovery
| Author | Land | Written report Design | Study Subject | Sample /Sample Size | Information Drove | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abedi (2017) | Islamic republic of iran | Qualitative | Abstinence feel | 10 member of NA | Interview |
| 2 | BFI consensus panel (2007) | USA | Consensus panel report | Recovery definition | ||
| 3 | Best et al. (2011) | USA | Mixed method | Recovery Experience | 205recovered persons | Questioner- Interview |
| 4 | Best etal (2016) | Great britain | Theoretical paper | Model of recovery | ||
| 5 | Cano et al.( 2017) | United states of america | Cross sectional | Recovery capital | 546 participants | Questioner |
| 6 | Duffy & Baldwin (2013) | UK | Qualitative | Recovery factors | 45post recovery persond | Interview |
| 7 | Contrivance et al. (2010) | Us | Qualitative | Measuring recovery | 11professional clinician | Content analysis |
| 8 | Dupont et al ( 2016) | USA | Commentary article | Recovery element | ||
| 9 | Dennis etal (2005) | USA | Cohort | Recovery duration | 1271 person in recovery | Questioner |
| 10 | Davidosn & white (2007) | U.s. | Review | Recovery concept | ||
| 11 | El-gubaly (2012) | Canada | Review commodity | Recovery concept | ||
| 12 | Elswik et al (2018) | USA | Qualitative | Recovery exprience | viii in recovery person | Interview |
| xiii | Galanter et al (2007) | USA | Musical instrument psychometric | Spiritual Instrument | Questioner | |
| 14 | Galanter (2007) | USA | Review | Spirituality in recovery | ||
| 15 | Laudet (2007) | USA | Mixed method | Recovery mean | 440 in recovery persons | Questioner- Interview |
| 16 | Laudet& Humphry (2013) | The states | Review | Recovery Concept | ||
| 17 | Laudet (2008) | USA | Review | Recovery Road | ||
| xviii | Laudet etal (2006) | U.s. | Cross-sectional | Recovery gene | 353 Recovery person | Questioner |
| xix | Laudet (2002) | USA | Pilot study | Recovery pathway | 90 persons | Questioner |
| 20 | Law & Guo (2012 ) | Taiwan | exprimental | Recovery & hope | 40 female drug offender | Questioner |
| 21 | Long & Vaughn (1999) | USA | Qualitative | Recovery exprience | 7 young person | Interview |
| 22 | Grant (2007) | USA | Qualitative | Recovery experience | 25in-recovery women | Interview |
| 23 | Groshkova (2013) | United states of america | Focus grouping | Recovery majuscule | 142 individuals | Questioner |
| 24 | Horoosh& Freedman ( 2017) | Israel | Cross sectional | Habit related growth | 104 recovered person | Questioner |
| 25 | O Sullivan (2017) | USA | Cross sectional | Recovery capital letter | 76 in recovery persons | Questioner |
| 26 | Neal etal (2014) | Britain | Focus group | Recovery elements | 25professional clinician | Group discussion |
| 27 | Neal et al (2015) | UK | Focus group | Recovery measure out | 46 in recovery person | Questioner |
| 28 | Neal etal (2016 ) | Great britain | Focus group | Recovery indicators | 124 different member | Grouping discussion |
| 29 | Kaskutas etal (2014) | USA | Net based survey | Element of recovery | 9,341 person in recovery or recovered | Questioner |
| 30 | Kelly et al (2015) | U.s. | Review | Recovery definition | ||
| 31 | Kearney (1998) | U.s. | Grounded formal theory | Recovery experience | 10 article | Content analysis |
| 32 | Kaskutas et al (2015) | United states of america | Comparative study | Recovery definition | 1237 inrecovery person | Questioner |
| 33 | Shineborne (2011) | UK | Qualitative | Subjective Feel | half dozen female person | Interview |
| 34 | Sterling etal ( 2013) | USA | Cross sectional | Recovery | 149 in recovery person | Questioner |
| 35 | White( 2005) | U.s. | Review | Recovery concept | ||
| 36 | White & Kurtz (2006) | USA | Analysis | Recovery Experience | ||
| 37 | White (2009) | USA | Review | Customs Recourses | ||
| 38 | Witbrodt et al (2015) | USA | Comparative study | Recovery typology | 4912 in recovery | Questioner |
| 39 | White et al (2006) | United states | Commentary | Recovery factors |
Dealing with Meaning and Measurement
To analyze the literature, the conventional content assay method was used based on the model proposed past Graneheim and Lundman. Content analysis refers to the understanding, interpretation, and conceptualization of the core meanings of data. According to Polit and Beck (15), content analysis is the process of organizing and integrating stories and qualitative data that results in the genesis of themes and notions. The text was carefully studied by the researcher as a unit of assay several times and summarized by meaningful units. Each sentence, phrase, and word referring to the definition and dimensions of the addiction recovery were identified, and each was assigned a code. The codes were categorized by performing continuous comparisons in different categories and subcategories, according to their repetition, differences, and similarities.
Results
In this section, the findings from the literature review are discussed in 4 parts: definition of concept, attributes, antecedents, consequences, and method of measurement of the concept.
1. Characteristics and definition of the concept
In full general parlance, the give-and-take of recovery is defined by Merriam –Webster dictionary as "the process of combating a disorder (such as alcoholism) or a real or perceived trouble" (16). Over the last 200 years, various terms take been associated with the resolution of astringent alcohol and other drug problems based on conceptualizations of their etiology. These terms accept included moral "reformation", "religious redemption", "criminal rehabilitation", or "medical recovery". In medicine, traditionally, recovery has connoted a render to wellness after trauma or illness (5, 17). The term recovery has turned into an detail of jargon in the state organizations, but information technology was formerly only linked to 12-step fellowships such as the Alcoholics Bearding International Fellowship (eighteen).
Co-ordinate to Laudat'southward commodity reviews on recovery, this concept is often divers by the majority of researchers as recovery from drug addiction. It is also commonly divers as a state of abstinence or remission. Furthermore, they define recovery every bit the process of "overcoming both physical and psychological dependence on psychoactive drugs while making a commitment to society". Under this definition, recovery includes the acts of avoiding drugs, achieving well-existence, and refitting into society (10).
An addiction recovery model divers within the spiritual framework advocated past Alcoholics Anonymous was proposed by Galanter. The individual's viewpoint on his/her habit forms the basis for this model, which reflects the spiritual viewpoint of the Alcoholics Anonymous while covering a major attribute of recovery (nineteen).
The American Club of Habit Medicine (ASAM) made a distinction betwixt recovery and remission. This is done past defining recovery as a state of concrete and psychological health, such every bit one'southward forbearance from a dependency-causing drug; and the remission is defined as "freedom from the active signs and symptoms of alcoholism, including the use of substitute drugs during a flow of contained living" (5, 19).
The experimental aspect of recovery has also been addressed in some of the more than recent definitions. For instance, "recovery is the experience (a process and a sustained condition) through which individuals, families, and communities were impacted by severe alcohol and other drug (AOD) bug and then utilize internal and external resources to voluntarily resolve those problems, heal the wounds inflicted by AOD-related problems, actively manage their connected vulnerability to such issues, and develop a healthy, productive, and meaningful life" (20). Although recovery research varies based on how the term has been divers and measured, there is an argument over the awarding of the term; recovery, abstinence, and remission are used interchangeably. To explore and proceeds a boarder understanding of recovery, the attribute, antecedents, and consequences of recovery were identified and are described as below. It seems that at that place is an agreement on the notion that not using substances is at the core of the definition, even if some people may exist using a pocket-sized amount of one substance or some other.
2. Attributes
The attributes of a concept are the aspects of that concept used repeatedly to describe that concept and the existence of that concept is contingent. These attributes project a vivid image of the given concept. According to our in-depth analysis of the relevant articles, recovery from drug use is characterized based on the post-obit attributes:
one- Procedure of Change:
Recovery is a process of change, not a static event. Recovery is a continuous and turbulent attempt to maintain abstinence. Recovery refers to an internal and external change in relations, attitudes, thoughts and emotions, or identity alter (five, 8, 10, 19, 21-28).
two- Holistic:
Given the multidimensional side effects of addiction, recovery is as well multiaxial(biological, psychological, social, and spiritual, across abstinence) (v, 10, 18, 20, 22, 23).
3- Client-Center:
Recovery starts and continues in relation to personal traits, intensity, duration, personal needs, and society. Individuals define their own life goals. In the course of recovery, the individual'southward objectives matter and this process may continue at any speed or rate and taking any approach and everyone'due south ain experience (4, 26, 29-31).
iv- Learning Salubrious Coping Strategy:
Overcoming dependence on substance use and coping with it is an of import attribute of recovery. Finding new and amend ways to cope with the stressors of life by reaching out for assistance are important in recovery experience (six, ix, 32, 33).
five- Multistage:
Recovery consists of unlike stages and each stage has its ain objectives and interventions (4, 10, 26, 34, 35).
3. Antecedents
In this report, antecedents are those events that should have occurred earlier recovery (36), which is divided into 2 categories. The "personal resource" and "social resources" are the antecedents of the notion of addiction recovery, affecting this concept in different stages of recovery (Figure 2) (37). The extent and quality of the internal and external resources determine the onset, continuation, and maintenance of complete recovery from addiction.
Antecedents and Consequences of Addiction Recovery
1- Personal Resources:
A person'south psychological resource, the addiction characteristics, and treatments bear upon their recovery process. These include cocky-concept, cocky-acceptance, belief and skills, attitude, responsibility, promise, openness, honesty, seeing others' achievements, personal experience, childhood traumas, type and severity of addiction, recovery pathway, coping pattern, personal background, knowledge, and mental and physical health (5, 21, 25, 26, 28, 30, 35, 38-41).
2- Social Resource:
Recovery is afflicted by socioeconomic and social factors which involve family and community strengths and responsibilities. Customs is the relationships and social networks that provide back up, acceptance, friendship, dear, respect, and hope. Purpose refers to daily meaningful activities, such equally a job, habitation, school, volunteerism, family caretaking, or creative endeavors, and the independence, income, and resources to participate in the order. Finally, health is overcoming or managing i's condition and symptoms (20, 21, 23-25, 29, 32, 41-43).
4. Consequences
In this study, consequences were those events that occur as a outcome of the occurrence (36) of recovery. The consequences of recovery from drug addiction are as follow:
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Sustained control over substance use: Sustained abstinence is an important consequence of recovery.
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Improved physical health: Recovery also improves concrete wellness past mitigating the damage caused by drugs, reducing the feeling of illness, increasing ambition and weight, reducing fatigue and numbness, increasing sexual desire, and restoring the natural temperament and practicing greater self-care (6).
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Improved psychological wellness: Psychological recovery increases self-worth and cocky-efficacy; self-acceptance restores identity; and self-perception decreases feeling of shame and guilt, facilitates emotional regulation and direction without the need for drug apply, helps to gain emotional stability, and brings cerebral reconstruction, and an effective coping mechanism (four, 6, 20, 21, 35, 44).
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Effective citizenship: I of the important consequences of recovery is the respect for our surround and others, avoidance of judicial bug, a decrease in crime and leading meaningful lives in the community (four, vi, 9).
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Having a purpose in life: Finding meaning and hopefulness, reconstructing meaning and spiritual growth, and acquiring new values and beliefs such as love, trust, honesty, and acknowledgement tin can be some of the consequences of recovery from addiction (20, 33, 44, 45).
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Improved social function: Social recovery helps to rebuild and improve social and family relationships, feel more interest and usefulness in society, improve performance, better employment and revenue, and experience reunion with the society (4, half dozen, 9).
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Improved quality of life and satisfaction: Well-being too stems from a decrease in the habit stigma, an increase in housing stability, an increase in life satisfaction and life quality, and a normal life post-obit recovery (four, viii, 28).
Measurement
Valid definition and methods for measuring the recovery are necessary and crucial (46). One of the challenges associated with measuring recovery is that there is no agreement on whether the recovery feel can be standardized or whether information technology is entirely subjective (47). Close attention to the methods used to measure recovery from substance utilise reveals that near of the time the question that is used is simply about abstinence in a yes/no format considering it is applied (46) or about measuring recovery upper-case letter(3) such as "Certain , "ARC" or "ADOM" (30, 37, 47, 48). Measuring recovery from a substance use disorder is much more than difficult because recovery is a process, and it is multidimensional(46) and needs to take a multidimensional mensurate of change and not a unmarried score (10, 46).
Discussion
In this report, the concept of addiction recovery was investigated using the theoretical phase of the hybrid model. The results showed that habit recovery is complex and multifaceted, and a unique procedure of voluntarily sustained control over substance utilise which maximizes health and well-existence and participation in responsibilities of self, family and community.
In this report, v attributes were extracted as follow:
I of the attributes was "a process of change". Recovery is generally considered a journey rather than an incident. Recovery is a process of change, not a static event. Recovery is a continuous and turbulent attempt to maintain abstinence. Recovery refers to an internal and an external change in relations, attitudes, thoughts and emotions, or identity change. Recovery requires the restoration of a currently spoiled identity (5, eight, ten, 19, 21-28).
The 2nd aspect was existence holistic. Given the multidimensional side effects of addiction, recovery is also multiaxial, that is, biological, psychological, social, spiritual, and across abstinence. Recovery is multidimensional and is not simply sobriety (11, 49).
The 3rd feature of the concept of habit recovery is beingness client-centered: Recovery is cocky-directed and self-determinant and individualized in nature. Recovery starts and continues in relation to personal traits, intensity, duration, personal needs, and society. Individuals ascertain their own life goals. In the grade of recovery, the individual'due south objectives matter and this process may continue at whatever speed or rate and taking any arroyo, and everyone's experience is different (22).
Learned healthy coping was the fourth attribute of the theoretical phase of concept analysis. Overcoming dependence on substance apply and coping with the issues it poses are an important aspect of recovery. Finding new and better means to cope with the stressors of life by reaching out for help are important in the recovery feel. Recovery refers to the way in which a person with addiction or impacted past addiction feel actively manages the disorder or its balance furnishings in the process of reclaiming total treatment. People experience stronger than prior to the onset of their illnesses (22).
The fifth attribute was multistage. Recovery consists of different stages and each has its own objectives and interventions. The 3 stages of recovery are as follow: the early recovery phase (iii to 12 months): concentration on the maintenance of abstinence and prevention of relapse; sustained recovery (abstinence lasts from 1 year to v years): increased concentration on increasing life stability and attaining goals; and stable recovery (abstinence lasts for more than v years): improving the skills and concentrating on growth and development (four). Recovery is a dynamic process characterized by increasing a resulting stable remission and supported past an increased recovery uppercase and an enhanced quality of life. Recovery is an outcome-based concept. Although previous definitions have suggested some components of recovery, the concept of addiction recovery is wider than recovery solely with abstinence, while including global health, citizenship, quality of life, meaning and satisfaction in life (4, 9, 46, 50).
As a result, a working definition of addiction recovery was formulated by comparing and contrasting the existing definition with the researchers tentative definition: "Recovery is an intentional endeavor, reclaiming a self-journey, through which a person in recovery with the employ of recovery capitals manages the remainder drug use effects for sustained control over the substance utilize, maximizing their health and well-being, having a meaningful life and citizenship, and pursuing other life goals."
This ways that recovery leads to changes, preserves the desired new lifestyle, and incorporates these factors into daily life.
Limitation
One of the limitations of this study was the lack of access to the full-text copies of some papers. In add-on, admission to all resource via an electronic database was not possible (eg, Psych INFO). Some other limitation was the language bulwark and the use of merely the Persian and English manufactures in the literature.
Conclusion
This finding tin provide an insight for researchers to analyze the definition of recovery before designing the enquiry. Ambivalence in the definition of recovery occurred when the researcher tried to emphasize the theoretical differences in its definition but overlooked them in practice. Nosotros need to relinquish sure restrictions of the theoretical definition, just instead exert them practically. The researchers and clinicians need to concur on the criteria that determine the indicators of recovery in persons for assessing the recovery. The clarity of language is likewise a major determinant of our success in making interventions in families, communities, individuals, and AOD cases. Commonly, the findings may assist health care professionals to understand the concept of addiction recovery, which is of import in making improvements in all aspects of recovery.not only abstinence.
Finally, our findings may form the ground for the theories, the scales, and the criteria for the assessment of addiction recovery. The results of our concept analysis revealed that many personal and social factors were affected with regard to the person in recovery and the recovery process, as this phenomenon is multidimensional. Health intendance professionals and clinicians should be aware of the different suitable approaches that should be taken to promote and maintain recovery. The imbalance of power betwixt a person in recovery and clinicians and the focus on forbearance is another important effect and can be resolved past focusing on the definition. We will report the analytic stage of this inquiry project every bit an addiction recovery concept analysis in Iran.
Acknowledgment
This paper is a report of the outset office of a hybrid model concept analysis study conducted in the University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences for a rehabilitation counseling PhD degree. The authors would similar to acknowledge all those who cooperated in this research project.
Conflict of Involvement
The authors declare no potential conflict of interest with respect to the enquiry, authorship, and publication of this article.
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Articles from Iranian Periodical of Psychiatry are provided hither courtesy of Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7215253/
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